he was pumping me for information

1) (a machine for making water etc rise from under the ground: Every village used to have a pump from which everyone drew their water.) bomba

2) (a machine or device for forcing liquid or gas into, or out of, something: a bicycle pump (for forcing air into the tyres).) bomba

1) (to raise or force with a pump: Oil is being pumped out of the ground.) bombear

2) (to get information from by asking questions: He tried to pump me about the exam.) sonsacar, sacar información de alguien

•

- pump up

pump¹ n

1. bomba

2. surtidor

pump² vb bombear

tr[pʌmp]

noun

1 (machine) bomba

■ bicycle pump bomba de aire, bombín nombre masculino

2 (act) bombeo

transitive verb

1 bombear

■ he pumped air into the tyre infló el neumático con una bomba

■ the water is pumped from the well el agua se saca del pozo con una bomba

intransitive verb

1 (of heart) latir

\

to pump iron hacer pesas

to pump money into something invertir dinero en algo

to pump somebody for information (tratar de) sonsacar información a alguien

to pump somebody's hand darle un fuerte apretón de manos a alguien

tr[pʌmp]

noun

1 (plimsoll) zapatilla de lona, playera; (for dancing) zapatilla de ballet

2 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (shoe) zapato de salón

pump ['pʌmp] vt

1) : bombear

to pump water: bombear agua

to pump (up) a tire: inflar una llanta

2) : mover (una manivela, un pedal, etc.) de arriba abajo

to pump someone's hand: darle un fuerte apretón de manos (a alguien)

to pump out : sacar, vaciar (con una bomba)

pump n

1) : bomba f

water pump: bomba de agua

2) shoe: zapato m de tacón

pump (Shoe)

• zapato de tacón bajo s.m.

• bomba (Fluido) s.f.

• escarpín s.m.

• jervilla s.f.

• pompa s.f.

• bombear v.

• elevar con bomba v.

• llenar de aire con una bomba v.

• sacar con bomba v.

1) bomba f; ( gasoline o (BrE) petrol pump) surtidor m

2) ( Clothing)

a) ( court shoe) (AmE) zapato m (de) salón

b) ( gym shoe) (BrE dated) zapatilla f

1)

a) ( supply) bombear

b) ( drain)

c) ( ask) (colloq)

2) \<\<handle/pedaleadle\>\> mover* de arriba abajo

a) \<\<machine/heart\>\> bombear

b) ( move vigorously) moverse* con fuerza

- pump up

1. N

1) (for liquid, gas, air) bomba f

2) (also: petrol pump) surtidor m de gasolina

3) (=act of pumping)

2. VT

1) (lit)

a) (with a pump) bombear

- pump sb dry

b) (Naut)

2) (fig)

3) (=move up and down) [+ pedal] pisar repetidamente; [+ handle] darle repetidamente a

- pump iron

4) * (=question)

3. VI

1) [person]

a) (at pump)

b) (on lever)

c) (on pedal)

2) [pump, machine]

3) [heart] (=circulate blood) bombear la sangre; (=beat) latir; [blood, adrenaline] correr por las venas

4) [liquid]

- pump in

- pump out

- pump up

[pʌmp]

* * *

1) bomba f; ( gasoline o (BrE) petrol pump) surtidor m

2) ( Clothing)

a) ( court shoe) (AmE) zapato m (de) salón

b) ( gym shoe) (BrE dated) zapatilla f

1)

a) ( supply) bombear

b) ( drain)

c) ( ask) (colloq)

2) \<\<handle/pedal/treadle\>\> mover* de arriba abajo

a) \<\<machine/heart\>\> bombear

b) ( move vigorously) moverse* con fuerza

- pump up

SUBJECT AREA: Public utilities, Steam and internal combustion engines

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Edwin Reynolds grew up at a time when formal engineering education in America was almost unavailable, but through his genius and his experience working under such masters as G.H. Corliss and William Wright, he developed into one of the best mechanical engineers in the country. When he was Plant Superintendent for the Corliss Steam Engine Company, he built the giant Corliss valve steam engine displayed at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition. In July 1877 he left the Corliss Steam Engine Company to join Edward Allis at his Reliance Works, although he was offered a lower salary. In 1861 Allis had moved his business to the Menomonee Valley, where he had the largest foundry in the area. Immediately on his arrival with Allis, Reynolds began desig-ning and building the "Reliance-Corliss" engine, which becamea symbol of simplicity, economy and reliability. By early 1878 the new engine was so successful that the firm had a six-month backlog of orders. In 1888 he built the first triple-expansion waterworks-pumping engine in the United States for the city of Milwaukee, and in the same year he patented a new design of blowing engine for blast furnaces. He followed this in March 1892 with the first steam engine sets coupled directly to electric generators when Allis-Chalmers contracted to build two Corliss cross-compound engines for the Narragansett Light Company of Providence, Rhode Island. In 1893, one of the impressive attractions at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago was the 3,000 hp (2,200 kW) quadruple-expansion Reynolds-Corliss engine designed by Reynolds, who continued to make significant improvements and gained worldwide recognition of his outstanding achievements in engine building.

Reynolds was asked to go to New York in 1898 for consultation about some high-horsepower engines for the Manhattan transport system. There, 225 railway locomotives were to be replaced by electric trains, which would be supplied from one generating station producing 60,000 hp (45,000 kW). Reynolds sketched out his ideas for 10,000 hp (7,500 kW) engines while on the train. Because space was limited, he suggested a four-cylinder design with two horizontal-high-pressure cylinders and two vertical, low-pressure ones. One cylinder of each type was placed on each side of the flywheel generator, which with cranks at 135° gave an exceptionally smooth-running compact engine known as the "Manhattan". A further nine similar engines that were superheated and generated three-phase current were supplied in 1902 to the New York Interborough Rapid Transit Company. These were the largest reciprocating steam engines built for use on land, and a few smaller ones with a similar layout were installed in British textile mills.

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1 (mecc.) pompa: water pump, pompa dell'acqua; hand pump, pompa a mano; foot pump, pompa a pedale; bicycle pump, pompa da bicicletta; double-acting pump, pompa a doppio effetto; pompa aspirante e premente; (autom.) fuel pump, pompa di alimentazione; pompa della benzina (o del gasolio); (autom.) oil pump, pompa dell'olio; air pump (o tyre pump) pompa ( da bicicletta); suction pump, pompa aspirante

2 (autom., = petrol pump, USA gas pump) pompa di benzina; pompa (fam.); distributore di benzina

3 (elettron.) pompa; sorgente pompa

4 (fam.) vigorosa stretta di mano

5 ( slang USA) cuore

6 ( slang USA, = pump-action rifle o pump gun), fucile a pompa

● (autom.) pump attendant, benzinaio □ pump price, prezzo alla pompa ( della benzina, ecc.) □ pump priming, adescamento della pompa; (fig., econ.) provvedimenti per il rilancio dell'economia, investimenti pubblici per la ripresa economica □ pump room, ( in uno stabilimento termale) sala in cui si bevono le acque; (naut.) sala delle pompe □ All hands to the pumps!, (naut.) tutti alle pompe!; (fig.) dateci sotto tutti!

1 scarpa leggera di vernice ( da sera o da ballo); ballerina

2 ( USA) scarpa scollata; scarpa décolleté

3 (ingl.) scarpa di tela; scarpetta da tennis.

A v. t.

1 pompare: to pump air into a tyre, gonfiare un pneumatico; to pump petrol into the tank, pompare la benzina nel serbatoio

2 (fig.) muovere (o azionare) energicamente su e giù: to pump a handle, azionare vigorosamente una manopola; to pump the pedals, pestare sui pedali; He pumped my hand up and down, mi strinse calorosamente la mano ( muovendola su e giù)

3 (fig., fin.) pompare, immettere ( capitali, dollari, ecc.)

4 (fam.) interrogare a fondo ( ottenendo notizie, informazioni, ecc.): I pumped him for details, mi feci raccontare da lui tutti i particolari; to pump sb. for information, farsi dare informazioni da q.

5 (fig.) far restare senza fiato; spompare (fam.): He was quite pumped after the long run, dopo la lunga corsa, era proprio spompato

6 (fam.) far entrare; ficcare: to pump a difficult theory into sb. 's head, far entrare in testa a q. una teoria difficile

7 (fam.) sparare ( colpi) a ripetizione (o a raffica)

8 (volg. USA) sbattere, chiavare, scopare (volg.)

B v. i.

1 pompare; azionare una pompa

2 andare su e giù come un pistone; pompare; pulsare: His legs were pumping, le sue gambe andavano su e giù come pistoni; My heart was pumping wildly, il cuore mi batteva all'impazzata

3 ( di liquido) sgorgare; uscire a fiotti

4 (naut.: di un sottomarino) delfinare

● to pump st. dry, prosciugare qc. con le pompe □ ( slang, sport) to pump iron, fare sollevamento pesi □ to pump full (of), riempire (di) □ (autom.) to pump on the brake, premere e rilasciare il freno ripetutamente; pompare (fam.) □ ( di un pneumatico) pumped hard, ben gonfio; duro □ (med.) to have one's stomach pumped, essere sottoposto a lavanda gastrica.

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Mining and extraction technology, Railways and locomotives

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The son of a "coal viewer", Curr was brought up in the West Durham colliery district. In 1777 he went to the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at Sheffield, where in 1880 he was appointed Superintendent. There coal was conveyed underground in baskets on sledges: Curr replaced the wicker sledges with wheeled corves, i.e. small four-wheeled wooden wagons, running on "rail-roads" with cast-iron rails and hauled from the coal-face to the shaft bottom by horses. The rails employed hitherto had usually consisted of plates of iron, the flange being on the wheels of the wagon. Curr's new design involved flanges on the rails which guided the vehicles, the wheels of which were unflanged and could run on any hard surface. He appears to have left no precise record of the date that he did this, and surviving records have been interpreted as implying various dates between 1776 and 1787. In 1787 John Buddle paid tribute to the efficiency of the rails of Curr's type, which were first used for surface transport by Joseph Butler in 1788 at his iron furnace at Wingerworth near Chesterfield: their use was then promoted widely by Benjamin Outram, and they were adopted in many other English mines. They proved serviceable until the advent of locomotives demanded different rails.

In 1788 Curr also developed a system for drawing a full corve up a mine shaft while lowering an empty one, with guides to separate them. At the surface the corves were automatically emptied by tipplers. Four years later he was awarded a patent for using double ropes for lifting heavier loads. As the weight of the rope itself became a considerable problem with the increasing depth of the shafts, Curr invented the flat hemp rope, patented in 1798, which consisted of several small round ropes stitched together and lapped upon itself in winding. It acted as a counterbalance and led to a reduction in the time and cost of hoisting: at the beginning of a run the loaded rope began to coil upon a small diameter, gradually increasing, while the unloaded rope began to coil off a large diameter, gradually decreasing.

Curr's book The Coal Viewer (1797) is the earliest-known engineering work on railway track and it also contains the most elaborate description of a Newcomen pumping engine, at the highest state of its development. He became an acknowledged expert on construction of Newcomen-type atmospheric engines, and in 1792 he established a foundry to make parts for railways and engines.

Because of the poor financial results of the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at the end of the century, Curr was dismissed in 1801 despite numerous inventions and improvements which he had introduced. After his dismissal, six more of his patents were concerned with rope-making: the one he gained in 1813 referred to the application of flat ropes to horse-gins and perpendicular drum-shafts of steam engines. Curr also introduced the use of inclined planes, where a descending train of full corves pulled up an empty one, and he was one of the pioneers employing fixed steam engines for hauling. He may have resided in France for some time before his death.

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WK / PJGR

SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines

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When Arthur Woolf left the Griffin Brewery, London, in October 1808, he formed a partnership with Humphrey Edwards, described as a millwright at Mill Street, Lambeth, where they started an engine works to build Woolf's type of compound engine. A number of small engines were constructed and other ordinary engines modified with the addition of a high-pressure cylinder. Improvements were made in each succeeding engine, and by 1811 a standard form had been evolved. During this experimental period, engines were made with cylinders side by side as well as the more usual layout with one behind the other. The valve gear and other details were also improved. Steam pressure may have been around 40 psi (2.8 kg/cm²). In an advertisement of February 1811, the partners claimed that their engines had been brought to such a state of perfection that they consumed only half the quantity of coal required for engines on the plan of Messrs Boulton \& Watt. Woolf visited Cornwall, where he realized that more potential for his engines lay there than in London; in May 1811 the partnership was dissolved, with Woolf returning to his home county. Edwards struggled on alone in London for a while, but when he saw a more promising future for the engine in France he moved to Paris. On 25 May 1815 he obtained a French patent, a Brevet d'importation, for ten years. A report in 1817 shows that during the previous two years he had imported into France fifteen engines of different sizes which were at work in eight places in various parts of the country. He licensed a mining company in the north of France to make twenty-five engines for winding coal. In France there was always much more interest in rotative engines than pumping ones. Edwards may have formed a partnership with Goupil \& Cie, Dampierre, to build engines, but this is uncertain. He became a member of the firm Scipion, Perrier, Edwards \& Chappert, which took over the Chaillot Foundry of the Perrier Frères in Paris, and it seems that Edwards continued to build steam engines there for the rest of his life. In 1824 it was claimed that he had made about 100 engines in England and another 200 in France, but this is probably an exaggeration.

The Woolf engine acquired its popularity in France because its compound design was more economical than the single-cylinder type. To enable it to be operated safely, Edwards first modified Woolf s cast-iron boiler in 1815 by placing two small drums over the fire, and then in 1825 replaced the cast iron with wrought iron. The modified boiler was eventually brought back to England in the 1850s as the "French" or "elephant" boiler.

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